The Immunology of the Domestic Ruminants Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

The Immunology of Domestic Ruminants: Cattle, Sheep, and Goats provides a thorough examination of the immune systems of these animals. It explores their normal immune functions and their roles in combating infectious and parasitic diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions, and immunodeficiency disorders. The book incorporates new data from the bovine genome project and highlights significant breed differences. Both innate and adaptive immunity are systematically covered, offering insights into basic and applied aspects of bovine immunology. In addition to detailing the immunology of major bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in cattle, the book reviews bovine vaccines and emphasizes the importance nutrition.

This essential resource caters to professionals in large animal research and practice, providing comprehensive information on the immunology of domestic cattle, sheep, and goats.

CONTENTS

• Chapter 1. The evolution and domestication of the ruminants
• Abstract
• The origins of the ruminants
• Modern ruminants
• The domestication of the sheep
• The domestication of the goat
• The domestication of the aurochs
• The evolution of the rumen
• Herd immunity
• References
• Chapter 2. The reproduction and immune ontogeny of ruminants
• Abstract
• The mating immune response
• The bovine placenta
• Immunosuppression
• Mechanisms of maternal tolerance
• Cellular factors
• Ontogeny of the bovine immune system
• Newborn ruminants
• Adaptive immunity
• Bovine colostrum
• Retained placenta
• Development of rumination
• Duration of maternal immunity
• References
• Chapter 3. Ruminant innate immunity
• Abstract
• The cells of innate immunity
• Toll-like receptors
• Antimicrobial peptides
• Complement
• Chemokines
• References
• Chapter 4. The ruminant sickness response
• Abstract
• Sickness and the brain
• Fevers
• Lethargy
• Effects on the bone marrow
• Effects on the liver
• Major acute-phase proteins
• Moderate acute-phase proteins
• Minor acute-phase proteins
• Negative acute-phase proteins
• Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
• References
• Chapter 5. Bovine leukocytes and blood groups
• Abstract
• Leukocytes
• Erythrocytes and blood groups
• Hemolytic disease of the newborn
• References
• Chapter 6. Bovine cytokines
• Abstract
• Inflammatory cytokines
• Regulatory cytokines
• T cell cytokiness
• Other inflammatory cytokines
• Interferons
• Growth factors
• References
• Chapter 7. Ruminant dendritic cells and macrophages
• Abstract
• Dendritic cells
• Bovine macrophages
• B cells
• Antigen processing
• References
• Chapter 8. The ruminant lymphoid system
• Abstract
• Sources of lymphocytes
• Primary lymphoid organs
• Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues
• Secondary lymphoid organs
• Other lymphoid tissues
• Tertiary lymphoid organs
• References
• Chapter 9. BoLA: the bovine major histocompatibility complex
• Abstract
• Major histocompatibility complex structure
• Classical class I molecules
• Bovine leukocyte antigen class II molecules
• Major histocompatibility complex class III molecules
• Ruminant variations
• References
• Chapter 10. Ruminant Innate lymphoid cells
• Abstract
• Bovine natural killer cells
• Sheep natural killer cells
• Natural killer cell MHC receptors
• Effector mechanisms
• NKT cells
• Innate helper cells
• References
• Chapter 11. Bovine B cell responses
• Abstract
• Immunoglobulins
• B Cell antigen receptors (BCRs)
• Immunoglobulin genetics
• IGHM
• IGHD
• IGHG
• IGHE
• IGHA
• Bovine light chains
• Receptor assembly
• Costimulation
• B cell responses
• Cellular responses
• Plasma cells
• Memory B cells
• Germinal centers
• Myelomas
• Antibody receptors
• References
• Chapter 12. T cells and cell-mediated immunity
• Abstract
• T cell responses
• T cell antigen receptors
• The signal transduction components
• CD4 and CD8
• TCR functions
• Antigen receptor diversity
• Bovine T cells
• Sheep T cells
• Workshop cluster 1
• References
• Chapter 13. Immunity on ruminant body surfaces
• Abstract
• The defenses of the skin
• Immunity in the respiratory tract
• Immunity in the urogenital tract
• Immunity in the gastrointestinal tract
• Mucosal lymphoid tissues
• Adaptive immunity
• Vaccination on body surfaces
• References
• Chapter 14. The rumen and the surface microbiota
• Abstract
• The normal bovine microbiota
• Skin
• Respiratory tract
• Reproductive tract
• Gastrointestinal tract
• The functions of the microbiota
• Microbiota signals
• Fatty acids and immunity
• Immune responses to the microbiota
• Dysbiosis
• The virome
• References
• Chapter 15. Immunity in the mammary gland
• Abstract
• The normal microbiota
• Genetic susceptibility
• Innate immunity
• Soluble antimicrobial factors
• Adaptive immunity
• Mastitis vaccines
• References
• Further reading
• Chapter 16. Immunity to selected bacterial diseases
• Abstract
• Immune evasion
• The effects of stress
• Respiratory diseases
• Reproductive diseases
• Brucellosis
• Johne’s disease
• Bovine tuberculosis
• The tuberculin reaction
• References
• Chapter 17. Immunity to selected bovine viral diseases
• Abstract
• Innate defenses
• Adaptive immunity
• Evasion of the immune responses
• Bovine respiratory diseases
• Bovine gastrointestinal viruses
• Malignant catarrhal fever
• Foot-and-mouth disease
• Bovine leukemia virus
• Bovine immunodeficiency virus
• References
• Chapter 18. Bovine vaccines
• Abstract
• Vaccine administration
• Required vaccines
• Antibacterial vaccines
• Antiviral vaccines
• Other important vaccines
• Maternal antibodies
• Adverse events
• References
• Chapter 19. Immunity to ruminant parasites
• Abstract
• Immunity to helminths
• Trematodes
• Nematodes
• Parasite “self-cure”
• Evasion of the immune response
• Immunity to arthropods
• Immunity to protozoa
• References
• Chapter 20. Ruminant anaphylaxis and allergic diseases
• Abstract
• Induction of type I hypersensitivity
• Immunoglobulin E
• Globule leukocytes
• Acute bovine anaphylaxis
• Bovine allergic rhinitis
• Bovine milk autoallergy
• References
• Chapter 21. Ruminant hypersensitivity diseases
• Abstract
• Type II hypersensitivity
• Type II hypersensitivity reactions to drugs
• Type II hypersensitivity in infectious diseases
• Type III hypersensitivity
• Type IV hypersensitivities
• Pathological consequences
• References
• Chapter 22. Ruminant immunodeficiency diseases
• Abstract
• Primary immunodeficiencies
• Defects in adaptive immunity
• Secondary immunodeficiencies
• References
• Chapter 23. Nutrition and ruminant immunity
• Abstract
• Assessing immunity
• Mineral deficiencies
• Vitamins
• Food intolerance
• References
• Chapter 24. Aspects of immunology of sheep and goats
• Abstract
• Sheep
• Hematology
• Blood groups
• Lymphoid organs
• MHC and antigen processing
• B cell responses
• T cell responses
• Other unique sheep features
• Goats
• Selected sheep and goat vaccines
• Bacterial vaccines
• References
• Chapter 25. The Immunology of Other Domestic Bovids
• Abstract
• Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens)
• Gayal (Bos frontalis)
• Banteng (Bos javanicus)
• Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
• Bison (Bison bison and B. bonasus)
• References
• Appendix A. Abbreviations
• Index